The Analects – Chapter 9.1

Confucius rarely spoke about profit. He spoke much more often about fate (the Mandate of Heaven) and humaneness (benevolence).

Note

This statement from the Analects reflects Confucius’s ethical stance of prioritizing righteousness over personal gain. In his view, an excessive focus on self-interest undermines moral character and social harmony. “Fate” signifies reverence for the cosmic order and acceptance of life’s circumstances, while “humaneness” (benevolence) is the essential virtue that defines humanity. Confucius advocated grounding oneself in benevolence and aligning with Heaven’s mandate, rather than pursuing utilitarian benefits. This idea forms the foundation of Confucian moral philosophy, which emphasizes inner cultivation and transcends calculative, profit-driven motives.

Further Reading

• The Master said, “Wealth and honor are what people desire, but if they are not attained in accordance with the Way, I will not accept them.” (Analects 4.5 )
• “The humane person works hard first and seeks reward only afterward – this may be called humaneness.” (Analects 6.22)
• The Master said, “If wealth can be pursued in accordance with the Way, even as a humble whip-bearer I would do it. If not, I would rather follow what I love.” (Analects 7.12)

子罕言利，與命，與仁。