Zuo Zhuan (The Commentary of Zuo)

Zuo Zhuan is a prominent ancient Chinese historical text, traditionally attributed to Zuo Qiuming of the Spring and Autumn period. It is also known as Zuo’s Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals or The Spring and Autumn Annals of Zuo.

Its historical records span from the first year of Duke Yin of Lu (722 BC) to the fourth year of Duke Dao of Lu (464 BC), extending 17 years beyond the timeline of the Spring and Autumn Annals. The text chronicles the political, military, economic, and cultural history of the State of Lu and the various states surrounding the Zhou Dynasty, serving as a crucial primary source for studying the Spring and Autumn period. Together with Gongyang Zhuan and Guliang Zhuan, it forms the “Three Commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Annals.”