This chapter of Laozi discusses examples of mutual transformation between opposing forces, embodying Laozi’s dialectical thought. This law of dynamic change originates from the natural world but also applies to human society. Laozi frequently juxtaposes natural dialectics with social phenomena to provoke vigilance and reflection.
When one is about to take an inspiration, he is sure to make a (previous) expiration; when he is going to weaken another, he will first strengthen him; when he is going to overthrow another, he will first have raised him up; when he is going to despoil another, he will first have made gifts to him: this is called ‘Hiding the light (of his procedure).’
The soft overcomes the hard; and the weak the strong.
Fishes should not be taken from the deep; instruments for the profit of a state should not be shown to the people.
Some interpret this chapter as discussing military tactics, while others view it as Laozi’s “expedient teaching method” for guiding people. The proposition that “the soft and weak overcome the hard and strong” has been widely applied across various practical domains.
Through profound observation of humans and phenomena, Laozi recognized that seemingly soft and weak entities inherently possess resilience, vigorous vitality, and vast developmental potential. Conversely, ostensibly strong and rigid things, due to their overt exposure, often lack sustainability and lose prospects for growth.
Notably, the principles of “non-contention”, “non-action”, and “embracing softness” presuppose the capacity to wield strength. They advocate resolving conflicts through indirect, skillful, and peaceful means while consciously adhering to gentleness and non-confrontation to achieve victory.
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