• The Covenant of Kuiqiu

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    Duke Huan of Qi was the first and most famous of the Spring‑and‑Autumn Five Hegemons. He convened the feudal lords many times.

  • The Classic of Poetry

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    The Classic of Poetry (also translates to Book of Songs, Book of Poetry) is China’s earliest existing anthology of poetry. Originally titled Shi (Poetry), it was canonized as a Confucian classic during the Han Dynasty, hence the title Classic of Poetry (Shijing). Compiled in the Spring and Autumn period and traditionally believed to have…

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 13.3

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    Han Feizi Chapter 13.3 continues the jade allegory, stressing Legalist reformers face harsh persecution. True statecraft must overcome elite resistance.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 13.2

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    Han Feizi extends the jade metaphor: legal statecraft, like raw jade, is valuable yet opposed. Rulers must back reformers against elites.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 13.1

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    Han Feizi tells He Shi’s jade story: true talent/statecraft is often misjudged and persecuted before its value is revealed.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 12.6

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    Han Feizi uses Mi Zixia’s story: rulers’ favor shifts arbitrarily. Avoid their “forbidden scale” to survive persuasion.