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Han Feizi – Chapter 14.4
Han Feizi warns slander can destroy even close bonds. Reformers like Shang Yang and Wu Qi perished due to treacherous ministers.
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Han Feizi – Chapter 14.3
Han Feizi rejects empty traditional scholars. He defends strict laws and harsh punishments as necessary for order, even if unpopular.
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Han Feizi – Chapter 14.2
Han Feizi argues rulers should rely on strict laws and rewards/punishments, not personal trust. Institutions force loyalty and secure rule.
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Han Feizi – Chapter 14.1
Han Feizi warns ministers flatter rulers to gain power. Without strict checks, cliques form, loyalty fades, and rulers fall.
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Confucius
Confucius (551–479 BC) was a thinker, statesman, and educator of the late Spring and Autumn period, as well as the founder of the Confucian school of thought. Born Kong Qiu, with the courtesy name Zhongni, he was a native of Zouyi in the State of Lu (located in present-day southeast Qufu, Shandong Province).