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Essentials of Governance from the Zhenguan Era – Zhenguan Zhengyao
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Zhenguan Zhengyao (Essentials of Governance from the Zhenguan Era) is a foundational Chinese political classic compiled during the Tang dynasty by the historian and statesman Wu Jing (670–749 CE). Completed around 708–710 CE, the work records the exemplary governance, dialogues, policies, and administrative philosophy of Emperor Taizong(r. 626–649) and his ministers during the famed…
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The Tragic Fall of General Yang Ye [Song & Yuan]
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Introduction: This article tells the tragic story of General Yang Ye, a loyal and brave defender of the Song Dynasty. It reviews the failed Northern Expeditions against the Liao, highlights Yang Ye’s brilliant victory at Yanmen Gate that earned him the title “Invincible.” In the 986 campaign, slandered by jealous supervisors and abandoned by…
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Taiping Yulan
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Taiping Yulan (Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era) is a monumental Chinese encyclopedia compiled during the early Northern Song dynasty. Commissioned by Emperor Taizong of Song, it was edited by a team of scholars led by Li Fang, along with Li Mu, Xu Xuan, and others. Work began in 977 CE (the second year…