In this chapter, Laozi reiterates two pairs of contradictory phenomena: lightness and heaviness, movement and stillness, asserting that within each contradiction lies a fundamental aspect.
Gravity is the root of lightness; stillness, the ruler of movement.
Therefore a wise prince, marching the whole day, does not go far from his baggage waggons. Although he may have brilliant prospects to look at, he quietly remains (in his proper place), indifferent to them. How should the lord of a myriad chariots carry himself lightly before the kingdom? If he do act lightly, he has lost his root (of gravity); if he proceed to active movement, he will lose his throne.
In the relationship between heaviness and lightness, heaviness is the root, while lightness is secondary; prioritizing the light while neglecting the heavy leads to the loss of foundation. In the relationship between stillness and movement, stillness is the foundation, and movement arises from it; focusing solely on movement results in the loss of inner mastery.
The noble man steadfastly practices the Dao, untethered by fame or material pleasures. Within the social context of the Spring and Autumn Period, Laozi criticizes rulers who, mired in luxury, frivolity, and excess, governed their kingdoms recklessly. According to his philosophy, a leader must cultivate serenity and prudence, avoiding impulsiveness and superficiality, to rule effectively.
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