The Master said, “The noble person is calm and composed but not arrogant; the petty person is arrogant but not calm.”
Note
This statement from The Analects of Confucius contrasts calm composure with arrogance, highlighting a fundamental difference in the inner states of the junzi (noble person) and the petty person.
- The calm composure denotes a deep, serene confidence that arises from solid moral cultivation and inner stability. Unshaken by external circumstances, the junzi remains at ease because his peace comes from living in accordance with the Way (Dao). This inner tranquility naturally expresses itself as humility and grace in dealings with others.
- By contrast, outward arrogance—a false pride rooted in superficial self-importance, often based on status, talent, or fleeting success. The petty person, lacking genuine virtue, is inwardly restless and insecure. He compensates by boasting or belittling others, yet this facade cannot bring true peace—hence he is “not calm”.
Confucius thus teaches that authentic dignity stems from inner moral strength, not external display; arrogance is not a sign of confidence but of inner fragility. This idea aligns with the Confucian path of self-cultivation—“seeking within oneself”and pursuing “inner sagehood” as the foundation for outer conduct. It urges us to cultivate inner serenity rather than chase hollow prestige.
Further Reading
The Master said, “The noble person is broad-minded and serene; the petty person is always anxious and fretful.” Analects 7.37 (Shu Er)
Both contrast the inner peace of the junzi (Confucian gentleman) with the chronic unease of the petty person.
子曰：「君子泰而不驕，小人驕而不泰。」
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