The Analects – Chapter 175 (7.27). Confucius’ ecological ethics of moderation and care

7.27

The Master fished with a line but not with a net; when fowling he did not aim at a roosting bird.

子釣而不綱，弋不射宿。

Notes

This passage from the Analects, while describing Confucius’ fishing and hunting practices, actually embodies the profound Confucian ethics of “extending benevolence to all creatures” and “taking in moderation”. It demonstrates how Confucius extended the principle of humaneness (benevolence) from interpersonal relationships to care for all living beings.

• Confucius fished with a single hook and line, taking only a small catch each time. He avoided large nets because they harvested fish indiscriminately — regardless of size or quantity — causing excessive depletion of resources.
• He hunted birds with a bow and arrow (a traditional method), but would not shoot roosting birds, as this could easily harm innocent creatures—such as nesting mothers or fledglings.