utilitarianism

  • Mencius – Chapter 12.9

    Mencius condemns ministers who boost rulers’ wealth and military power as people’s robbers. They aid tyrants if rulers disregard benevolence. States built on such utilitarian force lack moral legitimacy and will collapse quickly.

  • Mencius – Chapter 12.4

    Mencius meets Song Keng, who plans to end Qin-Chu war by arguing profit. Mencius objects: profit-driven relations ruin social ethics. He urges persuading kings with benevolence and righteousness to build stable, virtuous governance instead.

  • Mo Di

    Mo Di (c. 468–376 BCE), commonly known as Mozi (“Master Mo”), was a seminal thinker, political theorist, and founder of the Mohist school during the transitional period between the Spring and Autumn and Warring States eras of ancient China. Born into a family of humble artisan or small-scale craftsman origins, Mozi possessed exceptional skill…

  • Zeng Guang Xian Wen – Expanded Collection of Adages

    Zeng Guang Xian Wen (Expanded Collection of Worthy Sayings, Expanded Collection of Adages), also known as Zengguang Xianwen, Xishi Xianwen (Ancient Wise Sayings) or Gu Jin Xianwen (Wise Sayings Past and Present), is a highly influential classic of Chinese enlightenment literature and a collection of maxims.

  • Mencius – Chapter 8.29 One heart, Different paths

    Yu the Great and Hou Ji lived in times of peace. Yu passed by his own home three times while controlling floods but never entered; Hou Ji tirelessly taught farming to feed the people. Confucius praised them.

  • Mencius – Chapter 6.1 Moral Integrity vs Political Expediency

    Chen Dai said to his teacher Mencius: “You refuse to visit feudal lords – it seems overly modest, even petty. If you’d just go see one once, at best you could implement the Kingly Way; at least, you might help him achieve hegemony. And as the old saying goes: ‘Bend one chi (about a…

  • Mencius – Chapter 1.1 Benevolence & Righteousness over Profit

    Mencius went to see King Hui of Liang, who said, “Venerable sir, you have traveled a thousand miles to see me – surely you must have some way to benefit my state?”