This chapter records debates between Mozi and Confucian Gong Mengzi. Mozi refutes Confucian views on passive conduct, ancient robes, fatalism, elaborate funerals and empty music, denouncing four harmful Confucian doctrines while acknowledging Confucius’ valid ideas.
Zai Wo suggests cutting parental mourning to one year over ritual decay worries. Confucius argues three years repay parents’ early care, criticizing Zai Wo’s lack of heartfelt filial benevolence, holding true rituals spring from sincere inner grief rather than superficial forms.
The Master said:“Who but King Wen could be truly free from worry?He had King Ji as his father and King Wu as his son –his father initiated the enterprise, and his son carried it forward.”
When Duke Ding of Teng died, the crown prince (later Duke Wen of Teng) said to his minister Ran You: “Years ago, Mencius taught me in Song, and his words have stayed with me ever since. Now I am so unfortunate as to have lost my father, I would like you to go and…
Mencius went from Qi to Lu (to bury his mother). After burying his mother in Lu, Mencius was returning to Qi and stopped at Ying.