Lu’s minister Ji Huanzi accepted female entertainers from Qi and skipped court for three days. Disappointed by this neglect of state affairs and broken rituals, Confucius resigned immediately, refusing to stay in a corrupted court where his moral ideals could not be realized.
Duke Jing of Qi planned to offer Confucius a middle-tier official rank but later declined to employ him, claiming old age. Confucius left Qi at once, refusing a powerless post and upholding his dignity to seek a ruler willing to fully implement his moral ideals.
Confucius names Weizi, Jizi and Bigan the three benevolent men of the Shang. Though they took vastly different paths—fleeing, feigning madness, dying in remonstrance—all acted out of loyal care for their state, showing benevolence allows flexible expedient choices.
Basic Information Chinese Idiom: 患得患失Pinyin: huàn dé huàn shīLiteral Meaning: Worry about both gaining and losing something.Figurative Meaning: Before obtaining something, one frets about failing to get it; once possessed, one lives in constant fear of losing it. It describes people who obsessively fixate on personal gains and losses, trapped in endless anxiety over…