Shiji

  • Han Feizi

    Han Feizi is the title of a foundational philosophical text and the culminating work of pre-Qin Legalist thought. Although attributed to Han Fei (c. 280–233 BCE), a prince of the state of Han during the Warring States period, the book was compiled posthumously by later scholars who collected his surviving writings and supplemented them…

  • Bi Gan

    Bi Gan (c. 11th century BCE) was a prominent royal kinsman and high minister during the late Shang dynasty, traditionally regarded as King Zhou of Shang’s uncle (some sources say half-brother). He served as Shaoshi—a position akin to prime minister—and was renowned for his unwavering loyalty, integrity, and fearless remonstrance.

  • King Wu of Zhou

    King Wu of Zhou (? – 1043 BCE) was the founder of the Western Zhou dynasty. His personal name was Ji Fa, and he was the second son of King Wen of Zhou. Because his elder brother, Bo Yikao, had been executed by the tyrannical King Zhou of Shang, Ji Fa became heir and…

  • Ban Biao

    Ban Biao (3–54 CE) was a prominent historian of the Eastern Han dynasty. His courtesy name was Shupi, and he was a native of Anling, Fufeng Commandery (in present-day northeastern Xianyang, Shaanxi).

  • Zhuangzi

    Zhuangzi (c. 369–286 BCE) was a major philosopher of the Warring States period. His given name was Zhou, and he was a native of Meng in the state of Song—traditionally identified either as northeast of modern Shangqiu, Henan, or near Dingyuan, Anhui.

  • Records of the Grand Historian – Shiji

    Originally titled Taishi Gong Shu (“Book of the Grand Historian”), the Shiji was compiled by Sima Qian (c. 145–c. 86 BCE) during the Western Han dynasty. It is China’s first comprehensive biographical universal history (jizhuanti tongshi), covering approximately three millennia – from the legendary Yellow Emperor to the reign of Emperor Wu of Han…

  • Sima Qian

    Sima Qian (c. 145 or 135 BCE – ?) was a preeminent historian and literary figure of the Western Han dynasty. His courtesy name was Zichang, and he was born in Xiayang (south of present-day Hancheng, Shaanxi). He was the son of Sima Tan, the Grand Historian (Taishi) of Emperor Wu’s court.

  • The Hero’s Homecoming: Su Wu’s Return [Western Han]

    Brief: This article tells Su Wu’s legendary loyalty. Held captive by the Xiongnu for 19 years, he herded sheep clutching his imperial staff and refused to surrender. Thanks to a clever goose ruse, he finally returned home white-haired. His unbroken faith became an eternal symbol of Han integrity.

  • Bo Ya

    A celebrated musician of the Spring and Autumn period (circa 7th–6th century BCE), Bo Ya was a native of Ying, the capital of the state of Chu (modern-day Jingzhou, Hubei). He served as a Senior Grand Master (Shang Da Fu) in the state of Jin.