Niu Jinxing

  • The Tragedy of Meishan [Ming]

    This article tells the tragic end of the Ming Dynasty. The Qing rose in the northeast, while Li Zicheng’s rebel army marched on Beijing. Chongzhen Emperor hanged himself at Meishan. Li briefly ruled Beijing but lost support. Wu Sangui allied with the Qing, who defeated Li and seized the capital, founding the Qing Dynasty.

  • The Peasant Uprisings that Toppled the Ming [Ming]

    This article covers the peasant uprisings that ended the Ming Dynasty. Plagued by famine and heavy taxes, rebels led by Gao Yingxiang, Li Zicheng, and Zhang Xianzhong rose up. Li Zicheng adopted popular policies, grew his army, and founded the Shun regime, marching toward Beijing to topple the Ming.