This entry explains idiom “Bu shi zhou su”, originating from Records of the Grand Historian. Based on Bo Yi and Shu Qi’s story, it symbolizes moral integrity: refusing benefits from a regime deemed unjust, with nuanced positive‑critical readings.
— by Tao Yuanming (Jin Dynasty) Disheartened and resentful, I walk home alone with my staff,Traversing rugged paths through tangled thickets.The mountain stream is clear and shallow –Enough to wash my feet.I filter my newly brewed wine,And invite my close neighbors with a single chicken.When the sun sets, the room grows dark;I light brushwood…
Human life must follow a certain path;Clothing and food are undeniably its foundation.Who can neglect these basic needs,And yet hope to find peace of mind?When spring arrives, I attend to my regular farm work;As the year progresses, the harvest becomes rewarding.I go out at dawn to apply my modest toil,And return at sunset carrying…
— by Tao Yuanming (Jin Dynasty) Preface: My family was poor, and farming could not support us. The children were many, and the jars had no grain. I knew no way to secure a livelihood. Relatives and friends advised me to take a minor official post. I was tempted, but had no means to…
This dialogue chapter collects Mozi’s debates with disciples and opponents. It defends universal love against egoism, condemns offensive wars, prioritizes righteousness over wealth, and refutes conservative Confucian views with vivid analogies.
Anonymous Han sage Chenggong shunned fame and wealth. Confronted by Emperor Cheng’s threats of rank, fortune and death, he calmly argued his spiritual independence. The emperor yielded and sent officials to learn his twelve chapters on state governance.
Han Fu, a virtuous Western Han recluse, was summoned to court by Emperor Zhao for his noble conduct. Falling ill, he could not have an audience. The emperor granted him silk and sent him home to guide villagers. He stayed out of officialdom until his death.