Moral Bottom Line

  • The Analects – Chapter 17.23

    Confucius tells Zilu righteousness outweighs courage. Without moral guidance, a bold gentleman stirs unrest, while a fearless petty man turns to theft. True bravery must be governed by righteousness to avoid harming society.

  • The Analects – Chapter 17.15

    Confucius criticizes petty officials obsessed with rank: they fret over gaining power first, then fear losing it, resorting to any wicked trick to hold their positions. Unlike principled gentlemen guided by righteousness, such profit-driven men lack moral boundaries and ruin governance.