Information Monopoly

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 31.9

    This excerpt comes from Explanation One in Han Feizi: Inner Congested Sayings, Part II. Centered on three arguments‑power as abyss, reward‑punishment as sharp tools, minor favours building influence, it draws a chilling conclusion: powerful ministers controlling information can completely overturn what people see with their own eyes.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 30.9

    This excerpt comes from Explanation One in Han Feizi · Inner Congeries of Sayings I. It states rulers must never rely on a single information source. Multi‑party cross‑checks should break ministers’ information monopoly. Otherwise, the ruler will be deceived by confidants and reduced to a manipulated puppet.