This Zhuangzi ‑ Dechongfu excerpt presents fables of deformed figures. It prioritizes inner complete virtue over physical form or social status, and ends with Zhuangzi’s debate with Huizi over “having no human emotions”.
This excerpt comes from Explanation One in Han Feizi · Inner Congeries of Sayings I. It states rulers must never rely on a single information source. Multi‑party cross‑checks should break ministers’ information monopoly. Otherwise, the ruler will be deceived by confidants and reduced to a manipulated puppet.
This excerpt is from Canon One: Observing and Verifying in Han Feizi · Inner Congeries of Sayings I. Han Fei advances a core political‑philosophical view: relying solely on one source of information makes a ruler vulnerable to deception. Only cross‑checking multiple perspectives can break information barriers and reveal the truth.
Han Feizi cites Hui Zi’s archery analogy: skilled Hou Yi earns strangers’ trust for steady shots, yet a kid with a cocked bow scares his own mother. Reliable outcomes build trust, while uncertainty drives people away.
Bo Le taught his disciples to spot kicking horses. One horse did not kick because of swollen knees. The story shows external conditions limit ability; one must look beyond surface to judge wisely.
Han Feizi tells Hui Zi used analogy: Tian Si’s deception is innate, like blindness. The Lord of Zou spared him.
Zhuangzi (c. 369–286 BCE) was a major philosopher of the Warring States period. His given name was Zhou, and he was a native of Meng in the state of Song—traditionally identified either as northeast of modern Shangqiu, Henan, or near Dingyuan, Anhui.
Mencius went to see King Hui of Liang, who said, “Venerable sir, you have traveled a thousand miles to see me – surely you must have some way to benefit my state?”
This article explores the Daoist philosophy of Zhuangzi through two legendary stories of death: the passing of his wife and his own demise. It recounts the famous idiom “Drumming on a Basin”, where Zhuangzi rejected mourning rituals to celebrate his wife’s return to the natural cycle of transformation. Furthermore, it details his refusal of…