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The State of Zhao lay in the central plain, a land inhabited by mixed peoples. Its folk were frivolous and hard to command. Its government decrees were ill‑regulated, rewards and punishments lacked credibility, its terrain offered no strategic advantage, and its ruler could not fully mobilize the strength of the people. Zhao already bore…
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Brief: This article tells how Liu Xiu became the “Copper Horse Emperor.” He defeated the pretender Wang Lang, won over Hebei’s warlords, and peacefully absorbed the massive Copper Horse rebel army. His generosity and strategy secured his power. Refusing to serve the weak Gengshi Emperor, he laid the foundation for the Eastern Han.
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In early 204 CE, Cao Cao launched his decisive campaign to capture Ye City (Yecheng), the capital of Jizhou (Ji Province) and the last stronghold of the Yuan clan. As chronicled in Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Chapters 33–34) and corroborated by historical sources like the Records of the Three Kingdoms, this siege marked…
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It was the custom in Handan city to catch doves to present to the prince Jian Zi (Zhao Yang) on New Year’s Day, for this pleased him so much that he gave rich rewards.