This Han Feizi ‑ Chapter 37.6 criticizes Li Dui’s moral‑based dismissal of a magistrate for high revenue. It argues rising income can stem from good harvests or sound governance, not fraud; administrators need factual verification instead of vague suspicion.
This Han Feizi ‑ Chapter 36.2 advances the famous spear and shield paradox. It critiques Confucian moral example governance via Yao and Shun tales, arguing institutional rewards punishments outperform sages’ personal toil.
This Han Feizi ‑ Chapter 36.1 recounts the Chengpu‑battle story. It rebuts the traditional praise for Duke Wen’s reward practice, arguing rewards should match actual military achievements instead of hollow long‑term moral speeches.
This Legalist excerpt from Han Feizi‑Chapter 34.3 uses metaphors of fierce dogs and altar rats. It argues rulers must endure painful measures, enforce laws above personal feelings and test officials with objective standards.
This Legalist excerpt from Han Feizi‑Chapter 34.2 states the ruler is the focal point of interests. Rulers must conceal personal preferences and keep secrets, making independent decisions to avoid manipulation by crafty ministers.
This Legalist excerpt from Han Feizi ‑ Chapter 34.1 argues rulers should rely on power instead of moral persuasion. Threats should be eliminated early, and ministers controlled, as illustrated by multiple historical metaphors.
This Legalist excerpt from Han Feizi ‑ Chapter 33.12 presents four historical stories. It explores risks of frank remonstrance, conflicts between strict law and family affection, and governance based on merit rather than private gratitude.
This Han Feizi ‑ Chapter 33.11 Legalist passage assembles varied tales. It discusses official rank system, ministerial frugality-extravagance, and impartial talent recommendation separating public duty from private grudges.