Explaining Laozi

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 20.20

    This passage from Han Feizi explains Legalist governance. A virtuous ruler pursues peace via ritual diplomacy, prioritizes agriculture, curbs extravagance, and turns war horses to farm work, embodying “retire war-horses to fertilize fields.”

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 20.19

    This excerpt from Han Feizi interprets Daoist thought through Legalist governance. It argues good rule curbs punishment, calms people’s desires, dispels ghostly superstition, and fosters harmony between ruler and people, human and ghost.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 20.18

    This Han Feizi passage argues governing a large state needs stable laws. Frequent legal changes harm people, waste labor, like stirring small fish while cooking.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 20.17

    This Han Feizi passage uses the tree-root metaphor. The Dao is the state’s mother; virtue as taproot ensures long life and enduring rule.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 20.16

    This Han Feizi excerpt argues rulers must embody the Dao. Gaining deep wisdom and hidden limits secures both state and self.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 20.15

    This Han Feizi passage links calm mind and empty senses to virtue accumulation. Virtue brings harmony, wisdom, mastery, victory, and boundless power.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 20.14

    This Han Feizi passage contrasts restless extravagance with calm frugality. Sages conserve spirit, follow the Dao early, and avoid misfortune.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 20.13

    This Han Feizi passage stresses frugality of mind and senses. Overusing sight, hearing or intellect causes harm; conserving spirit preserves health and wisdom.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 20.12

    This Han Feizi passage teaches virtuous restraint. Sages uphold uprightness, integrity, justice, and dignity without harshness, avoiding conflict to survive wisely.