Zizhang lays four core standards for a true scholar: sacrifice life amid danger, weigh gains against righteousness, hold reverence in sacrifices, and feel sincere grief at funerals. These form the minimal moral baseline for Confucian intellectuals.
Mencius explains Shun wed secretly to preserve the essential marital bond, for his hostile parents would forbid it. Though aware of his brother’s murder plots, Shun sincerely trusted his feigned care; gentlemen fall for plausible pretense but not absurd falsehoods.
Confucius asked Gongming Jia about Gongshu Wenzi, saying, “Is it true that your master never speaks, never laughs, and never takes anything?”Gongming Jia replied, “The person who told you that exaggerated. In fact, my master speaks only when the time is right – so people do not dislike his words; he laughs only when…
Mencius went from Qi to Lu (to bury his mother). After burying his mother in Lu, Mencius was returning to Qi and stopped at Ying.
7.10 When the Master had wailed at a funeral. during the rest of the day he did not sing.
Zixia asked about the treatment of parents. The Master said, “It is the demeanour that is difficult. Filial piety does not consist merely in young people undertaking the hard work, when anything has to be done, or serving their elders first with wine and food. It is something much more than that.”