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Lie Yukou was a representative figure of Daoism in the early Warring States period. He is also known as Yu Kou, Yu Kou, or Liezi. Traditionally believed to be from the state of Zheng (in present-day Zhengzhou, Henan) during the Warring States era, he advocated the principles of emptiness, stillness, and non-action (wu wei),…
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By Li Bai (Tang Dynasty) Seafarers speak of Penglai Isle –Amid misty waves, faint and far, truly hard to find.But the people of Yue tell of Mount Tianmu –Its peaks gleam through shifting clouds, sometimes visible.
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Mencius said: “Shun was born in Zhufeng, moved to Fuxia, and died in Mingtiao – he was a man of the Eastern Yi (eastern frontier peoples).King Wen of Zhou was born in Qizhou and died in Biying – he was a man of the Western Yi (western frontier peoples).” “Their homelands were over a…
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Among the Hundred Schools of Thought in pre-Qin China, Zhuangzi (Zhuang Zhou) stood apart – not merely as a philosopher, but as a poetic visionary whose ideas shimmered with paradox, humor, and profound detachment. His worldview, rooted in Daoism, rejected rigid rituals, social ambition, and even conventional grief. To Zhuangzi, the cosmos was a…
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During the Warring States period, Hui Shi – better known as Master Hui (Hui Zi or Huizi) – rose to become Chancellor of Wei, a state often referred to as Liang due to its capital at Daliang. Hui Zi was not only a prominent statesman but also a renowned logician and philosopher, famed for…
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Speaking of the Warring States period, one cannot overlook Zhuangzi. Zhuangzi, named Zhou and also known as Zhuang Zhou, Chuang Tzu, Zhuang Tzu descended from a noble family of the state of Chu. Later, to escape the chaos of war, his family relocated to Meng in the state of Song.
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In the chaotic final years of the Eastern Han dynasty, the struggle for supremacy hinged not merely on military might, but on governance, leadership, and strategic vision.