This is the final chapter of the Dao De Jing, where Laozi summarizes the essence of his teachings.
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Dao De Jing – Chapter 78
Laozi uses water as a metaphor for the Dao for their shared characteristics. Water has no fixed shape, conforming to its container. This mirrors the Dao’s formless nature.
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Dao De Jing – Chapter 77
This chapter uses the metaphor of ”drawing a bow” to reveal the dynamic equilibrium of natural law, critique humanity’s exploitative logic of ”reducing deficiency to replenish excess,” and propose the sage’s wisdom and principle.
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Dao De Jing – Chapter 76
This chapter is a good embodiment of Lao Tzu’s dialectical wisdom of “softness overcoming hardness”. Laozi uses natural phenomena and life principles to reveal the eternal value of “softness” as the essence of vitality, while critiquing the destructive nature of “rigidity” against natural order.
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Dao De Jing – Chapter 73
The preferences of Heaven are beyond human understanding. Even sages struggle to discern them, let alone ordinary people! The Dao operates through inscrutable natural laws, transcending human logic. Sages approach such mysteries with humility rather than forced interpretation.
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Dao De Jing – Chapter 72
When people persist in ignorance and fearlessness, great calamity approaches. Practice moderation in daily living; Preserve the life-sustaining environment. Thus we avoid bitter consequences and cosmic retribution.
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