This chapter delves into the workings of the Dao, examining the dynamic interplay of yin and yang, its defiance of conventional logic, and its unique capacity to seamlessly bridge metaphysical cosmology with practical wisdom.
The Dao produced One; One produced Two; Two produced Three; Three produced All things. All things leave behind them the Obscurity (out of which they have come), and go forward to embrace the Brightness (into which they have emerged), while they are harmonised by the Breath of Vacancy.
What men dislike is to be orphans, to have little virtue, to be as carriages without naves; and yet these are the designations which kings and princes use for themselves. So it is that some things are increased by being diminished, and others are diminished by being increased.
What other men (thus) teach, I also teach. The violent and strong do not die their natural death. I will make this the basis of my teaching.
Cosmogony of the Dao
The chapter states, “The Dao begets the One, the One begets the Two, the Two beget the Three, and the Three beget all things.” This describes the Dao’s generative process: from primordial unity (One), duality (Yin and Yang) emerges; their interaction creates harmonious energy (Three), which gives rise to all existence.
Unity of Opposites and Harmony
It emphasizes that “all things carry Yin and embrace Yang, blending these forces to achieve harmony.” This highlights the coexistence and dynamic balance of opposites (Yin-Yang) as the fundamental law of the universe.
Anti-Coercion Philosophy
The warning “the forceful and domineering do not die a natural death” critiques rigidity and extremism. Instead, it advocates humility, gentleness, and yielding, urging alignment with the natural order to sustain harmony.
The chapter interweaves metaphysical cosmology with practical wisdom. It bridges abstract principles with ethical living, reflecting the Taoist pursuit of balance and simplicity.
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