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Mozi – Chapter 48
This chapter records debates between Mozi and Confucian Gong Mengzi. Mozi refutes Confucian views on passive conduct, ancient robes, fatalism, elaborate funerals and empty music, denouncing four harmful Confucian doctrines while acknowledging Confucius’ valid ideas.
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Mozi – Chapter 47
Centered on “valuing righteousness”, this chapter argues righteousness surpasses life and the world. It records Mozi’s travels, rebuts superstition, stresses words must guide action, and advocates frugality and merit-based governance.
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Mozi – Chapter 46
This dialogue chapter collects Mozi’s debates with disciples and opponents. It defends universal love against egoism, condemns offensive wars, prioritizes righteousness over wealth, and refutes conservative Confucian views with vivid analogies.
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Mozi – Chapter 45
This core Mohist logic text defines four reasoning modes and semantic rules. It categorizes four proposition forms and resolves the “killing robbers is not killing people” paradox to justify its universal love doctrine.
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Mozi – Chapter 44
This Later Mohist chapter develops utilitarian “weighing” ethics and formal logic. It defines righteousness as benefit, expounds universal love, distinguishes intent from outcome, and analyzes names, categories, and valid argument rules.