• Ganjiang and Moye

    Ganjiang (Gan Jiang) and Moye (Mo Ye) were a married couple and renowned master swordsmiths from the State of Wu during the Spring and Autumn period. They once forged sharp swords for the King of Wu. Later, they were commissioned by the King of Chu to cast swords, a task that took three years…

  • 不食周粟 (Bù shí Zhōu sù)

    This entry explains idiom “Bu shi zhou su”, originating from Records of the Grand Historian. Based on Bo Yi and Shu Qi’s story, it symbolizes moral integrity: refusing benefits from a regime deemed unjust, with nuanced positive‑critical readings.

  • Guzhu

    Guzhu (孤竹, also written as “觚竹”) was an ancient state during the Shang and Zhou dynasties. It is first mentioned in oracle bone inscriptions (甲骨文) from Yinxu (殷墟) and bronze inscriptions (金文) from the Shang dynasty. It was a vassal state of the Zi surname (子姓) and Mo clan (墨氏), with its capital located…

  • Cultivating the Inner Life - The Art of Nourishing Life

    This commentary on Zhuangzi ‑ Gengsang Chu explores nourishing inner life. Through Gengsang Chu and Nan Rong Chu’s dialogue, it advocates infant‑like simplicity, transcending inner‑outer fetters to align with the Dao.

  • Where Is the Dao?

    This commentary on Zhuangzi ‑ Zhi Bei You unpacks three key fables. It argues the Dao permeates all things yet transcends words and intellect, with all phenomena transforming from the single universal qi.

  • Chapter 33. The World (Tian Xia)

    This page covers The World, Zhuangzi’s final chapter, an early survey of pre‑Qin thought. It laments the fragmentation of the unified ancient Way, reviews major schools, and assesses thinkers including Mozi, Laozi, Zhuangzi himself and the logician Hui Shi.