-
Mencius – Chapter 13.42
Mencius states gentlemen practice the Dao when the world is upright, and sacrifice themselves to defend it amid chaos. He firmly rejects compromising moral truth to cater to worldly interests, stressing the Dao’s supreme dignity.
-
Mencius – Chapter 13.41
Gongsun Chou asks Mencius to simplify the lofty Way for ordinary people. Mencius refuses to lower moral standards, comparing teachers to skilled craftsmen. He uses heuristic teaching, holding the Middle Way for capable learners to follow.
-
Mencius – Chapter 13.40
Mencius lists five teaching approaches for gentlemen: transformative timely rain influence, nurturing virtue, developing talents, answering queries, and remote self-study inspired by a master’s legacy, covering diverse forms of tailored education.
-
Mencius – Chapter 13.39
Mencius differentiates two mourning cases. Those who voluntarily cut mourning deserve rebuke; those blocked by rules to observe full rites merit praise for any mourning they can manage, embodying flexible moral judgment.