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The Analects – Chapter 17.24
Confucius and Zigong list detestable conducts. Confucius condemns slanderers, insubordinates, reckless brave and stubborn men; Zigong loathes those masking plagiarism, arrogance and harsh criticism as wisdom, courage and candor, warning against fake virtues.
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The Analects – Chapter 17.21
Zai Wo suggests cutting parental mourning to one year over ritual decay worries. Confucius argues three years repay parents’ early care, criticizing Zai Wo’s lack of heartfelt filial benevolence, holding true rituals spring from sincere inner grief rather than superficial forms.
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The Analects – Chapter 17.20
Confucius pretended to be sick to avoid Ru Bei, yet played and sang on the lute once the messenger left. This silent rebuke saved Ru Bei’s dignity while prompting self-reflection, showing his subtle, deed-based educational wisdom instead of harsh verbal criticism.