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Mencius – Chapter 13.40
Mencius lists five teaching approaches for gentlemen: transformative timely rain influence, nurturing virtue, developing talents, answering queries, and remote self-study inspired by a master’s legacy, covering diverse forms of tailored education.
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Mencius – Chapter 13.39
Mencius differentiates two mourning cases. Those who voluntarily cut mourning deserve rebuke; those blocked by rules to observe full rites merit praise for any mourning they can manage, embodying flexible moral judgment.
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Mencius – Chapter 13.37
Mencius states merely feeding others without affection is like raising pigs; affection without respect equals keeping beasts. Genuine respect precedes gifts; hollow polite formalities without sincerity cannot bind a true gentleman.