The dominant eye

Yunyan Tansheng (780–841) was a renowned Chan Buddhist master of the Tang Dynasty, known for his sharp wit and profound teachings. A disciple of Yaoshan Weiyan, he later became the teacher of Dongshan Liangjie, founder of the Caodong (Soto Zen) school. One of the most famous gongans (koans) associated with him is the dialogue about “Bodhisattva’s thousand hands and eyes”.

Once, Daowu asked Master Yunyan Tansheng: “The Great Compassion Bodhisattva has a thousand hands and eyes — which one is the dominant eye?”
Yunyan replied: “Like groping for a pillow behind you in the dark.”
Daowu said: “I understand!”
Yunyan tested him: “How do you understand?”
Daowu answered: “The whole body is covered with hands and eyes!”
Yunyan shook his head: “Close, but not quite‌ — you’ve only grasped 80%.”
Daowu asked: “How would you say it, Brother?”
Yunyan declared: “The entire body is hands and eyes!”

Philosophical Notes

Beyond Literal “Sacred Organs”:

Yunyan’s “groping in the dark” metaphor dissolves the search for a “special” dominant eye. True awakening isn’t localized — it’s non-dual awareness pervading every atom.

“Covered With” vs. “Is”:

Daowu’s “covered with” implies added attributes — still separating “body” from “eyes.”

Yunyan’s “is” reveals absolute unity: flesh and vision, form and emptiness, are one substance.

The 20% Gap:

Yunyan’s critique exposes Daowu’s lingering conceptualization. “Covered with” remains poetic description; “is” embodies suchness — where “pillow-groping” is Buddha-activity.

“Groping for a pillow” = Function without thought — just as hands find a pillow in darkness without “eye” labels.

“Entire body is hands-eyes” = Reality as seamless action-perception.