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Introduction: In the ruthless arena of the Warring States, where strength was the only law, King Kuai of Yan committed a fatal error: he tried to be a saint. Blinded by the allure of ancient virtue, he attempted to abdicate his throne to his scheming minister, Zizhi, hoping to emulate legendary sages. Instead of…
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Shen Tong (minister of Qi) asked Mencius privately: “Can the state of Yan be attacked?”