Zhuge Liang

  • Attack the Unprepared, Strike Unexpectedly: Deng Ai’s deadly surprise march that ended Shu Han

    This article illustrates the tactic of striking unprepared foes via Deng Ai’s risky Yinping march. Bypassing heavily guarded Jiange Pass through harsh unguarded mountains, Deng Ai launched a surprise assault on Chengdu, toppling Shu Han by breaking the enemy’s fixed defensive mindset.

  • Sun Tzu’s Stratagem of “Irritate the Enemy” and Two Classic Historical Lessons

    This article explains Sun Tzu’s tactic of provoking hot-tempered foes. Two contrasts: Cao Jiu lost Chenggao after being insulted into reckless battle, while Sima Yi stayed calm amid humiliating gifts and outlasted Zhuge Liang, proving emotional control wins wars.

  • How Mao evaluated Liu Bei?

    This article presents Mao Zedong’s comments on Liu Bei. He praised Liu Bei for talent management and unity-building, yet criticized his emotional decisions and flawed strategies, especially the disastrous Yiling Campaign with tactical mistakes.

  • Jiǎ Tú Miè Guó (假途灭虢)

    Basic Information Chinese Idiom: 假途灭虢Pinyin: jiǎ tú miè guóLiteral Meaning: Seize a state by borrowing passage through its territoryFigurative Meaning: A crafty tactic of taking advantage of asking for passage to invade and eliminate the target party secretly Cultural Background The idiom comes from Spring and Autumn Period history. It exposes deceptive military and…

  • Zhuge Liang

    Zhuge Liang (181–234 CE) was a preeminent statesman and military strategist of the Shu Han state during the Three Kingdoms period. His courtesy name was Kongming, and he was born in Yangdu, Langya Commandery (in present-day Yinan County, Shandong).

  • Zhou Chu’s Last Stand [Jin & Southern-Northern Dynasties]

    This article tells the heroic tragedy of Zhou Chu. Once a local troublemaker, he reformed, slew the “three scourges,” and became a loyal Jin general. Sent to suppress a Di rebellion, he was betrayed by Prince Sima Rong – sent into battle with 5,000 men against 70,000. He fought to his last breath, a…

  • The Simple Room Inscription

    My humble abode is not defined by its height, but by the virtue of its inhabitant. Likewise, a body of water need not be deep to be inhabited by a dragon. This is a humble dwelling, yet my character is fragrant. Moss creeps up the steps, turning them a lush green, while the color…

  • Romance of the Three Kingdoms: China’s Epic Saga of Heroes, War, and Strategy

    Regarded as one of China’s “Four Great Classical Novels,” Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo Yanyi) is more than a literary masterpiece – it is a cultural touchstone that has shaped Chinese ideas of heroism, loyalty, and strategy for over 600 years. Written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century during the Ming Dynasty,…

  • Mencius – Chapter 8.24 Teacher’s moral duty

    Pang Meng studied archery under Yi and mastered all of Yi’s techniques. He then thought, “In the whole world, only Yi surpasses me. If I don’t eliminate him, I’ll never be supreme.” So he killed Yi.