Zhao Cui

  • The Orphan of Zhao [Spring & Autumn]

    In 597 BCE, after King Zhuang of Chu crushed the Jin army at the Battle of Bi, Duke Jing of Jin turned westward to expand his influence. He seized the opportunity of internal strife in the neighboring state of Lu (in modern Shanxi) and annexed it. When Qin attempted to contest the territory, Jin…

  • From exile to hegemon: Duke Wen of Jin [Spring & Autumn]

    Duke Wen of Jin (Ji Chong’er), the 22nd ruler of the State of Jin during the Spring and Autumn period (reigned 636–628 BCE), is renowned as one of the Five Hegemons. His path to power was extraordinary, marked by nineteen years of exile before his dramatic return and eventual dominance over the central states.