Zhang Jian

  • Xia Fu [Biographies of Noble Scholars]

    Upright scholar Xia Fu was falsely framed as a partisan by corrupt eunuchs. To spare others from disaster, he cut his beard, disguised himself and labored as a metalworker in mountains. Even after amnesty, he stayed in exile until the governor fetched him after three attempts.

  • The Twilight of the Qing: A Mysterious Demise and a Hollow Reform

    This article covers the Qing’s final collapse. Cixi launched hollow “New Policies” to fake reform. Revolutionist Wu Yue bombed a royal mission to study Western systems. In 1908, the poisoned Guangxu Emperor died; Cixi died the next day. She installed infant Puyi as emperor. The dynasty’s fate was sealed.

  • The Partisan Prohibitions: the Fall of the Han Scholar-Gentry [Eastern Han]

    This article explores Eastern Han’s Partisan Prohibitions. Eunuchs branded scholar‑gentry like Li Ying and Chen Fan as “partisans,” triggering two brutal purges. Many were killed, exiled, or banned for life. The crackdown destroyed honest officials, fatally weakening the Han and paving the way for its collapse.