Chinese mythology, folktales, and literature
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Brief: This article traces early Han from court chaos to the Lü Clan purge. Emperor Gaozu established rituals to restore order, but after his death, Empress Lü seized power and promoted her clan. Following her death, loyalists overthrew the Lü family and installed Emperor Wen, reviving the Liu dynasty and ushering in stability.
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Brief: This article narrates Xiang Yu’s tragic end at Gaixia. Besieged by Liu Bang’s forces, he heard Chu songs from enemy camps, breaking his army’s morale. After bidding farewell to Lady Yu, he broke out with a few riders but chose death over surrender at the Wu River, closing the chapter of Western Chu.
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Brief: This article recounts the Chu‑Han stalemate at Honggou. After years of war, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang split the realm at the Honggou Canal. Xiang Yu returned Liu Bang’s family and withdrew east—but Liu broke the truce at his advisors’ urging. He rewarded allied generals, uniting forces to destroy Chu at Gaixia.
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Brief: This article tells the classic stratagem “Deceive by repairing the gallery roads, strike secretly at Chencang.” Han Xin fooled Zhang Han into fixing roads while leading Liu Bang’s main army through a hidden path. He swiftly conquered the Three Qins, seized Guanzhong, and secured a strong base for Liu Bang to fight Xiang…
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Introduction: This article tells how Liu Bang entered Xianyang, ended the Qin Dynasty, and issued the Three Simple Laws to win popular support. In contrast, Xiang Yu massacred 200,000 Qin captives, losing hearts in Guanzhong. Liu blocked Hangu Pass, triggering a standoff that led to the pivotal Hongmen Banquet.
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Brief: This article narrates Xiang Yu’s legendary battle at Julu. Frustrated by Song Yi’s inaction, he seized command, led his troops across the Zhang River, smashed pots and sank boats to show no retreat. His army won nine straight battles, crushed the Qin main force, and became the supreme leader of the rebel alliance.
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Zhang Liang (?–189 BCE) was a prominent statesman in the early Western Han dynasty. His courtesy name was Zifang, and he was from Chengfu, Yingchuan (in present-day southwestern Xiangcheng, Henan). His ancestors were nobles of the former state of Han, with five generations serving as Han ministers. Seeking revenge for the Qin conquest of…