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Triumph and Tears in Luoyang In the year 280 CE, the Jin dynasty finally extinguished the state of Wu, completing the reunification of China. When Emperor Wu of Jin (Sima Yan) received news in Luoyang that Sun Hao, the last ruler of Wu, had surrendered, he first laughed with joy – then burst into…
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Confucius (Kong Fuzi), born Kong Qiu or Zhongni, entered the world under modest circumstances. His father, Shuliang He (Kong He, styled Shuliang), was a low-ranking military officer in the state of Lu. Already advanced in age, Shuliang He had nine daughters and one son – whose lameness disqualified him as a worthy heir.