Xiongnu

  • The Silk Road Pioneer: Zhang Qian [Western Han]

    This article honors Zhang Qian, the Silk Road pioneer. Sent by Emperor Wu to ally with the Yuezhi against the Xiongnu, he endured 13 years of captivity and hardship. Though he failed to form the alliance, his explorations opened Central Asia to China, laying the groundwork for the legendary Silk Road.

  • The Forge of Empire: Emperor Wu’s War on the Xiongnu [Western Han]

    This article depicts Emperor Wu’s rise and his war against the Xiongnu. Ending decades of appeasement, he empowered generals Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to strike north. With Li Guang’s defense and Zhang Qian’s diplomacy, he forged a powerful, centralized Han Empire and reshaped Sino‑nomadic relations.

  • From Conquest to Crown: The Calculated Rise of Emperor Gaozu [Western Han]

    This article follows Liu Bang’s rise from conqueror to Emperor Gaozu, founder of the Western Han. After defeating Xiang Yu, he secured power by curbing Han Xin, moved the capital to Chang’an for safety, and stabilized the realm. Though he unified China, fresh threats from feudal lords and the Xiongnu lay ahead.

  • Learning to Defeat Ten Thousand [Western Han]

    This article introduces Xiang Yu’s early ambition to “defeat ten thousand men” and his bold remark to replace Qin Shi Huang. It covers Qin’s frontier projects, the emperor’s death, and the secret coup by Zhao Gao, Li Si, and Huhai. Their tyranny soon ignited rebellions that ended the Qin Dynasty.

  • Why the Eastern Han Dynasty chose a new capital? [Three Kingdoms]

    In Chapter 6 of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Yuan Shao organizes an alliance of 18 warlords to jointly attack Dong Zhuo. The coalition’s forces vastly outnumbered Dong Zhuo’s garrison in Luoyang, and generals like Sun Jian posed a significant threat. Consequently, Dong Zhuo chose to burn down the current capital, Luoyang, and relocate…

  • [Journey to the West]Ask at meditation-pass – the lyric Su Wu at Slow Pace

    Chapter 8 of Journey to the West marks the beginning of the quest for Buddhist scriptures. The chapter opens with a poem expressing the arduous path to enlightenment: countless trials must be overcome to attain the highest state of Buddhism.