Xiao He

  • Long and Shu: Emperor Guangwu’s Final Campaigns to Reunify China [Eastern Han]

    Brief: This article covers Emperor Guangwu’s final campaigns to reunify China. He defeated warlords Wei Xiao of Longyou and Gongsun Shu of Shu, aided by defectors like Ma Yuan and allies such as Dou Rong. After conquering Long and Shu, Guangwu ended years of division and restored the Eastern Han dynasty.

  • Xiao He

    Xiao He (?–193 BCE) was a prominent statesman in the early Western Han dynasty. He was born in Zhongyang Village, Fengyi, Pei County (in present-day Feng County, Jiangsu). During the Qin dynasty, he served as a low-ranking clerk in the Pei County government.

  • The Race for the Throne: The Rise of Emperor Guangwu [Eastern Han]

    Brief: This article narrates Emperor Guangwu’s rise to power. As the Gengshi Emperor collapsed and the Red Eyebrows rebels marched on Chang’an, Liu Xiu secured his rear with Kou Xun and Feng Yi. Urged by his generals, he claimed the Mandate of Heaven, founded the Eastern Han, and set his sights on unifying the…

  • From Court Chaos to the Lü Clan Purge in Early Han [Western Han]

    Brief: This article traces early Han from court chaos to the Lü Clan purge. Emperor Gaozu established rituals to restore order, but after his death, Empress Lü seized power and promoted her clan. Following her death, loyalists overthrew the Lü family and installed Emperor Wen, reviving the Liu dynasty and ushering in stability.

  • From Conquest to Crown: The Calculated Rise of Emperor Gaozu [Western Han]

    Brief: This article follows Liu Bang’s rise from conqueror to Emperor Gaozu, founder of the Western Han. After defeating Xiang Yu, he secured power by curbing Han Xin, moved the capital to Chang’an for safety, and stabilized the realm. Though he unified China, fresh threats from feudal lords and the Xiongnu lay ahead.

  • The Deception of Chencang [Western Han]

    Brief: This article tells the classic stratagem “Deceive by repairing the gallery roads, strike secretly at Chencang.” Han Xin fooled Zhang Han into fixing roads while leading Liu Bang’s main army through a hidden path. He swiftly conquered the Three Qins, seized Guanzhong, and secured a strong base for Liu Bang to fight Xiang…

  • The General Beneath the Humiliation: Han Xin’s Rise from Obscurity [Western Han]

    Brief: This article traces Han Xin’s rise from humiliation to greatness. Enduring the “crawl between legs” shame, he joined Liu Bang and was discovered by Xiao He. After the famous “chase by moonlight,” he was named Grand General. His strategy laid the foundation for Liu Bang to conquer the empire.

  • Ashes of the Palace, Seeds of Rebellion [Western Han]

    Brief: This article recounts Xiang Yu’s brutal entry into Xianyang: executing Ziying, massacring Qin nobles, and burning Epang Palace. He divided the empire into 18 kingdoms, exiling Liu Bang to remote Hanzhong. Liu burned gallery roads to feign submission, while Xiao He’s pursuit of Han Xin laid the groundwork for Han’s rise.

  • The Three Simple Laws: Liu Bang’s Mercy and the Fall of Qin [Western Han]

    Introduction: This article tells how Liu Bang entered Xianyang, ended the Qin Dynasty, and issued the Three Simple Laws to win popular support. In contrast, Xiang Yu massacred 200,000 Qin captives, losing hearts in Guanzhong. Liu blocked Hangu Pass, triggering a standoff that led to the pivotal Hongmen Banquet.