virtue vs. ritual

  • The Analects – Chapter 188 (8.2). Ritual is virtue’s perfect measure

    8.2The Master said, “Courtesy without ritual leads to weariness; caution without ritual leads to timidity; courage without ritual leads to disorder; and straightforwardness without ritual leads to harshness. When the noble person shows deep devotion to his kin, the people are inspired toward benevolence. When he does not abandon old friends, the people do…