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A Fractured South and a Reckless North After the Northern Wei unified northern China in 439 CE, it stood face-to-face with the Liu Song dynasty in the south – a rivalry destined for war.
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Rise of the Northern Wei and the Sage Minister In the turbulent years following the collapse of the Eastern Jin, northern China witnessed a new power rising from the steppe. In 386 CE, Tuoba Gui – a descendant of the Xianbei chieftain Yilu – founded the state of Wei, later known as the Northern…