Tuntian system

  • Rise of Cao Cao [Three Kingdoms]

    In 195 CE, the fragile alliance among Dong Zhuo’s former generals – Li Jue, Guo Si, Zhang Ji, and Fan Chou – collapsed into violent infighting.

  • Why we love Liu Bei: The everyman hero [Three Kingdoms]

    Liu Bei is not the most brilliant strategist, nor the fiercest warrior, nor the most cunning politician of the Three Kingdoms. Yet across centuries – through both historical records like Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi) and the romanticized drama of Luo Guanzhong’s Romance of the Three Kingdoms – he remains the…

  • Cao Cao’s Tuntian System [Three Kingdoms]

    In the chaotic aftermath of the Yellow Turban Rebellion, warlords across China struggled not only to conquer territory but simply to feed their troops. Amid this crisis, Cao Cao – guided by visionary advisors like Zao Zhi and Han Hao – launched a revolutionary policy in 196 CE: the Tuntian (military-agricultural colony) system.