Three Feudatories

  • The Return of Taiwan: From Koxinga to Shi Lang [Qing]

    Brief: This article recounts how Taiwan returned to Qing rule. Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga) expelled the Dutch in 1662 and made Taiwan an anti‑Qing base. Decades later, Emperor Kangxi sent Admiral Shi Lang, who defeated Zheng’s forces at Penghu in 1683. Zheng Keshuang surrendered, and Kangxi formally incorporated Taiwan into the Qing Empire.

  • The Young Dragon’s Gambit: Kangxi’s Struggle for Power [Qing]

    Brief: This article narrates how the young Kangxi Emperor seized real power. At 14, he overthrew the arrogant regent Oboi using a clever wrestling trap. Later, he faced the massive revolt of the Three Feudatories led by Wu Sangui. After eight years of war, Kangxi defeated the rebels, strengthened central rule, and firmly stabilized…