Han Feizi advocates merit-based appointments. Favoritism and selling offices breed corruption, demoralize talent, and ruin states.
Han Feizi argues rulers must reject foreign control. Submission weakens sovereignty, lets ministers collude abroad to usurp power.
Han Feizi outlines ruler’s defenses: control court/kin, monopolize favors, verify speech, regulate warriors, rule by law.
Han Feizi outlines eight treacherous ministerial stratagems to usurp power, covering court, kin, public opinion, force, and foreign leverage.