Suanzao Alliance

  • The collapse of the coalition against Dong Zhuo [Three Kingdoms]

    This article analyzes the rapid disintegration of the coalition against Dong Zhuo in 190 CE. It details how the initial unity of thirteen warlords at Suanzao crumbled under the weight of military defeats, dwindling supplies, and internal rivalries. While Dong Zhuo burned Luoyang and retreated to Chang’an, the coalition failed to mount a decisive…

  • The Revolt of Zang Hong [Three Kingdoms]

    In the two preceding articles, we discussed Cao Cao’s recovery of Yan Province and Zhang Miao’s betrayal of Cao Cao. Both accounts involved a key figure: Zhang Chao, Zhang Miao’s younger brother. In December 195, Cao Cao besieged Yongqiu, where Zhang Chao was stationed, eventually conquering the city and executing Zhang Chao and all…

  • The historical truth behind the 18 Warlords [Three Kingdoms]

    Today, let’s explore the truth behind the 18 warlords or vassals who, according to Romance of the Three Kingdoms, united to overthrow the tyrant Dong Zhuo.