Strategies of the Warring States

  • Jiǎo Tù Sān Kū (狡兔三窟)

    Chinese Idiom: 狡兔三窟Pinyin: jiǎo tù sān kūLiteral Meaning: A cunning hare has three burrows.Figurative Meaning: One keeps multiple hideouts or backup plans to avoid dangers and troubles. Cultural Note This idiom originates from a classic political story in ancient China. It depicts prudent survival wisdom, referring to people who prepare multiple ways out to…

  • The peril of the ancestral temple in Xue [Warring States]

    This article recounts the diplomatic rescue of Lord Mengchang’s fiefdom of Xue during the Warring States period. When the State of Chu invaded Xue, the renowned diplomat Chunyu Kun was tasked with saving it. Instead of pleading for help, Chunyu Kun used a brilliant rhetorical strategy: he convinced King Min of Qi that the…

  • Ru Er’s web of deception [Warring States]

    This article recounts the ingenious stratagem of Ru Er, a scholar of the Warring States period, who single-handedly saved the small kingdom of Wey from annihilation by Wei in 311 BCE. Facing a superior army, Ru Er employed a masterful three-stage psychological operation. He first convinced the warmongering minister, Chengling Jun, that mercy was…

  • The Stone Hut and the Horse Keeper [Spring & Autumn]

    This article narrates King Goujian of Yue’s harrowing years of captivity in the State of Wu. Following his defeat at Lake Tai, Goujian was forced to live in a stone hut near King Helü’s tomb, enduring the humiliating role of a horse keeper. It details his strategy of deception, where he served King Fuchai…