sima qian

  • The Pen and the Sword: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, and the Ancient Prose Movement [Sui & Tang]

    Brief: This article focuses on Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan, leaders of the Tang Dynasty’s Ancient Prose Movement. It covers their literary reform against flowery parallel prose, their close friendship, and their moral integrity. It also tells Han Yu’s bold protest against Buddhism that led to exile, Liu Zongyuan’s achievements in exile, and how…

  • Preface to Biographies of High-Minded Scholars

    Confucius said, “When the hidden virtuous are elevated, the hearts of all people under heaven turn to them.” Mr. Hongya established lofty principles in the age of the Sovereigns of High Antiquity; Xu You and Shan Juan did not lower their integrity during the reigns of Tang and Yu. Therefore, the I Ching contains…

  • Ban Gu

    Ban Gu (32–92 CE) was a renowned historian and literary scholar of the Eastern Han dynasty. His courtesy name was Mengjian, and he was a native of Anling, Fufeng Commandery (in present-day northeastern Xianyang, Shaanxi).

  • Records of the Grand Historian – Shiji

    Originally titled Taishi Gong Shu (“Book of the Grand Historian”), the Shiji was compiled by Sima Qian (c. 145–c. 86 BCE) during the Western Han dynasty. It is China’s first comprehensive biographical universal history (jizhuanti tongshi), covering approximately three millennia – from the legendary Yellow Emperor to the reign of Emperor Wu of Han…

  • Sima Qian

    Sima Qian (c. 145 or 135 BCE – ?) was a preeminent historian and literary figure of the Western Han dynasty. His courtesy name was Zichang, and he was born in Xiayang (south of present-day Hancheng, Shaanxi). He was the son of Sima Tan, the Grand Historian (Taishi) of Emperor Wu’s court.

  • The Hero’s Homecoming: Su Wu’s Return [Western Han]

    Brief: This article tells Su Wu’s legendary loyalty. Held captive by the Xiongnu for 19 years, he herded sheep clutching his imperial staff and refused to surrender. Thanks to a clever goose ruse, he finally returned home white-haired. His unbroken faith became an eternal symbol of Han integrity.

  • Mencius – Chapter 2.16 When ritual becomes a political tool: Zang Cang vs. Mencius

    Duke Ping of Lu was about to set out when his favorite courtier, Zang Cang, asked: “Usually, Your Lordship informs the officials of your destination before leaving. Now your carriage is ready, yet no one knows where you’re going. May I ask?”

  • The tragedy of King Huai of Chu [Warring States]

    Introduction: This article narrates the tragic downfall of King Huai of Chu during the Warring States period. It details how his trust in Qin’s diplomacy led to his undoing: he was deceived by Zhang Yi over false land promises, manipulated by royal intermarriage, and finally lured into a trap at the Wuguan Summit in…