severe punishment

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 14.5

    Han Feizi rejects Confucian benevolence. Strict laws and merit-based rewards secure order; empty loyalty and virtue are useless.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 6.5

    Han Fei stresses law as the impartial governance standard. It curbs ministerial encroachment, treats nobles and commoners equally, and secures supreme monarchical power.