Virtuous kings value goodness above power; noble scholars delight in their Dao regardless of rulers’ status. Nobles lacking sincere respect and full etiquette cannot regularly consult worthy scholars, let alone command them as ministers.
To Chen Zi’s question, Mencius lays out three tiers for scholars to take or quit office, prioritizing rulers’ respect and willingness to implement their Way. Relief to escape starvation is acceptable only as a last resort.
Zilu asked how to serve a ruler. The Master said, “Do not deceive him, but dare to remonstrate with him openly – even if it offends him.”
Mencius said to King Xuan of Qi: “If a ruler treats his ministers as his own hands and feet, they will treat him as their heart and mind.If he treats them like dogs or horses, they will regard him as a mere stranger.If he treats them like dust or weeds – worthless and disposable…