royal kinsmen

  • Mencius – Chapter 10.9

    Mencius distinguishes royal kinsmen ministers from unrelated ones. Kinsmen may replace a repeatedly unrepentant ruler after remonstrance, while outsider ministers resign if their earnest advice fails, stressing different political duties tied to blood bonds.

  • Han Feizi – Chapter 9.2

    Han Feizi outlines ruler’s defenses: control court/kin, monopolize favors, verify speech, regulate warriors, rule by law.